Impact of Globalization on Cultures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Impact of Globalization on Cultures - Essay Example These countries import this labor from poor nations through globalization at no or very little cost (Effland et al, 2008). In addition, globalization has led to fierce competitive global markets that conduct business unethically. Moreover, through globalization, the terrorists have gained access to many countries including America and commissioned fatal attacks. Most significantly, globalization has led to the undermining of the indigenous culture by western adventures through acts of colonization and imperialism. As a result, colonized states are now prone to cultural invasion subject to the muted cultural disorientation. At the same time, the free production, distribution, and consumption of cultural goods and services has negatively led to commercialization of culture. Furthermore, globalization has led to the spread of fast foods across the world leading to adverse health impacts. Nevertheless, the positive impacts of globalization on culture supersede the negative impacts with a huge margin. In the medical field, the impact of globalization is synonymous. It affects the health care services and the health care professionals. There is convenient movement of patients from one country to another in search of better and cheaper health services. For example, some countries like India offer cheaper and professional surgical services than the US hence leading to medical tourism (International Society for Quality in Health Care, 2005). This program attracts many benefits to the patients who cannot afford expensive treatment in their home countries. We equally have the free movement of medical professional from one country to another for purposes of rendering treatment and in search of better pay. However, this... This essay approves that the positive impact of globalization is the spread of education where all genders can now seek for higher education from the best educational facilities in the world. In the recent times, we have seen many people from the poor and developing nations pursue their education in the developed countries like the US. Similarly, individuals can now access online education via the internet. Furthermore, globalization allows the spread of knowhow and innovations from the developed nation to the developing nations. Notably, the spread of medical innovations is significant in according better treatment to all nations. In addition, there has been considerable integration of culture, preservation of culture, quick access to various cultural heritages via the internet because of globalization. Globalization has equally led to the introduction of high quality goods in the market, new industries, and subsequent economic growth. The introduction of new industries further crea tes employment and investment opportunities in the developing nations. This report makes a conclusion that globalization promotes the investment and capital flows where countries like India that attract foreign investment thus giving developed countries like US good investment proposition. In matters of security, globalization boosts world security in that the international courts of justice and the understanding between the security agencies of reference countries allows the apprehending of terrorists from their hind outs thus curbing global terrorism.

Career Building Competencies Essay Example for Free

Career Building Competencies Essay After completing my career interests’ profiler and competencies assessments, it helped me gain a better understanding of my competencies and how I apply them to a business setting. With the career interests’ profiler, it pretty much already told me what I already knew but more of a deeper understanding. What I do appreciate after taking completing the career interests’ profiler is providing me with a list of the different careers that would be best suited for me. By completing the competencies assessment, it has helped me analyze my results such as, adapting to change, delivering results or innovating and how I can apply them to critical thinking. By understanding my personal competencies, what I can do to improve my skills can be using my results to help look outside the box. One result I found very intriguing was innovating. â€Å"To innovate† means to show something as if it was the first time or to alter something and I found that intriguing as one of my results. Applying innovation to critical thinking would mean to think outside the box, change my perception on how I see the problem so that the solution may present itself. Another way in applying my results can be in how I evaluate arguments. For example, adapting to change or coping with pressure are great competencies in which can help me evaluating arguments. With adapting to change, it can help me view the argument from a different point of view. It can open my eyes in seeing other possible solutions and coming to an agreement. Also with coping with pressure, it can help me by keeping me calm when in an argumentative position. Not only can it keep me calm but by staying calm, it can help me stay confident in what is argued. After taking this assessment, it has helped me understand my competencies when being applied to critical thinking and evaluating argument.

The Evolutionary Aspects Of Fear Psychology Essay

The Evolutionary Aspects Of Fear Psychology Essay This paper presents an exclusive discussion of what is known about the biological basis of fear. In presenting this discussion, the paper shall explore the main concepts relating to the biology behind fear in humans with the main ideas being the definition of fear, the evolutionary aspects of fear, as well as the emotional response of the brain in the event of fear or anxiety. The paper shall also present an analysis that seeks to establish fear and anxiety as identical rather than two contrasting concepts as believed by many. In the discussion on the biological basis of fear, the study shall include biological evidence relating to the specific parts of the human brain that respond and react to fear. Introduction It is interesting how humans respond to fear, especially the bodily changes that take place in the event of an activity or something that triggers fear. Humans respond to fear in different ways, and their bodies react to unexpected situations of fear almost instantly. In response to fear, human bodies exhibit increased arousal, autonomic and neuroendocrinal activation and immediate expectancy among other spontaneous reactions. It is even surprising that fear triggers some emotional reaction in humans based on recent studies by psychologists. An interesting revelation according to empirical studies on emotions under the field of biology point to the fact that emotions are not just feelings as evolutionary studies would want us to believe. Emotions in human beings are accompanied by physiological and behavioural variations (Davidson, 2000). A widely accepted perception of emotions today touches on the fundamental ideology that humans experience emotions in three different but interrela ted levels: the behavioural level, the neurophysiological level and the psychological or metal level. Based on inference that emotions have a close relation to fear in terms of the mental or psychological state, it is possible to use such information to build upon the biological basis of fear (Walker, 2002). The consequence of predisposing factors that trigger emotions also tend to instil fear in human beings and this paper shall seek to unravel the biological basis of fear in terms of psychological and behavioural responses relating to biology. What is fear? Fear is a motivational state triggered by specific stimuli that result in or escape defensive behaviour. Enthologists believe that fear is an unpleasant emotion that comes about as a result of the perception that somebody or something dangerous is likely to happen. This unpleasant emotion triggers a form of defence mechanism that results in escape or counter behaviours. In terms of biology, a couple of neuoroendocrinal activations that are usually automatic mostly typify fear. This is essential in explaining the sudden escape of a person at the sight of a scary animal that triggers immediate activations in the brain (Strongman, 1996). This effective defence mechanism triggered by a stimulus instils fear. In this context, such instantaneous reactions to fear facilitate coping mechanisms used by the body to respond to cases of fear. The evolutionary aspects of fear The evolutionary aspects of fear mainly relate to emotional responses. Fear is a factor of de-escalating tactic interceded by the emotional (paleomammalian) part of the fore brain. As man and other animals evolved millions of years ago, they adapted differently to fear. During the evolutionary period, diverse types of fear characterized the universe and were responded to by animals and humans in dissimilar ways. Scientists conclude that the adaptations developed by humans during this period explain the response and reactions of humans towards fear (Strongman, 1996). However, a couple of fear such as the fear of height is common to all mammals because of the adaptations developed during the Mesozoic era. The fear of snakes and other dangerous reptiles came into existence during the Cenozoic era and is common to all higher primates including humans and apes. However, others such as the fear of insects and mice developed in the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods are unique to humans. Dur ing these periods, insects and mice became popular carriers of dangerous infections and diseases, which resulted in different adaptive measures by humans. Such fears are still common today (Iijima, et al., 1996). The emotional brain The emotional aspect of the brain occurs at three levels: the behavioural level, the neurophysiological level and the psychological or metal level. Theories of emotion touching on the brain reveal that bodily changes tend to follow directly the perception of existing facts and human feelings of the same changes according to the occurrence of the emotion. In other words, the stimulus that reaches the cerebral cortex part of the brain provokes intuitive changes, which are perceived as emotions. Other studies have advanced that the thalamus is greatly involved in the neuropsychological matter of the brain because such matters are subcortical in nature. A biological explanation on the emotional brain is that a stimulus from the environment triggers the thalamus, which transmits information from to the viscera and cortex, and back again to the cortex to engender an emotional state (Gray McNaughton, 2000). Specific parts of the brain that work together to trigger reactions to fear stimuli Amygdala The amygdala is part of the brain structure where a majority of neurobiological events related to fear occurs. It is located just behind the pituitary gland and respond in different ways to fear stimuli. Any fear stimulus activates the Amygdala to secrete a series of hormones that immediately influence aggression and fear (Vianna, 2003). As the process of secreting such hormones into the body begins, the Amygdala prompts the body into a state of awareness and alertness, which trigger instant response from other muscles in the legs and hand to get ready for take-off or a fight. As the essential component of the limbic system, the amygdala is critical in preparing the body to respond or react to fear by secreting hormones at the trigger of a fear stimulus (Borod, 2000). It integrates rapid and direct thalamic inputs that transmit a fear stimulus and imitates a cognitive process that prepares the body to respond or react to the threat. Hippocampus The hippocampus is touted as the central structure in the brain that engages in processing contextual information necessary to fear conditioning. Situated just next to the amygdala and connected to it by the subiculum and entorhinal cortex, the hippocampusà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s main functions is to condition fear into contextual information. The hippocampus conditions fear in circumstances that involve complex polymodal events by receiving impulses from the amygdala and integrating such impulses with prior information to ignite meaningful reactions that respond to fear (Davidson, 2000). Hypothalamus The hypothalamus plays a crucial role as far as fear response is concerned. It is responsible for controlling stress reactions and other body processes including emotions and moods. Through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HTPA axis), the hypothalamus controls the limbic, pituitary, adrenal and genadotropic aspects of the body. A fear stimulus sends LC (locus ceruleus) neurons to the hypothalamus, which activates the HTPA axis that triggers the stress response linked to fear (Lewis Haviland-Jones, 2000). The connection between the hypothalamus, hippocampus and amygdala act to activate the HTPA axis to respond to a fear stimulus. The hypothalamus receives sensory information from the lateral part of the amygdala, processes the information and relays to the central nucleus, which then projects it to various parts of the brain that respond and react to fear. Fear stimulus impulses relayed by various neurons activate the sympathetic nervous system, as well as the modulating syst em of the HTPA axis. This triggers a run or attack response, better known as a fight or flight response mechanism (Hyman, et al., 1999). Sensory cortex The sensory cortex is an essential component of the fear response mechanism. Immediate sensory data from fear stimulus collects in the thalamus part of the brain. After the collection of the sensory data, the sensory cortex obtains the data from the thalamus, interprets it and organizes the sensory data for dissemination to the amygdala, hippocampus and hypothalamus (Hirsh, 2004). Thalamus The thalamus also plays a critical role in fear response. The thalamus basically acts as a collection center, which gathers and collects information from essential sensory organs such as the ears, eyes and mouth. After collecting the sensory information from such organs, the thalamus has the capacity to determine where to send such information for processing. A fear stimulus from the eyes, hands or mouth sends sensory information through neurons to the thalamus, which collects and sends the information to the appropriate response organs for processing (Lewis Haviland-Jones, 2000). Fear conditioning explains the behavioural archetype displayed by organisms and their capacity to learn to respond to or predict fearful or threatening events. Fear conditioning explains why some people fear dogs to the extent that they become helpless at the sight of this à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¹Ã…“monsterà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢. It is believed to depend upon the amygdala and the hippocampus in cases of contextual fear conditioning. Fear conditioning also explains the neurobiology of fear because touches on the essential components of the brain including the thalamus, the pituitary gland, the hypothalamus, the amygdala and the sensory cortex (Lewis Haviland-Jones, 2000). Latest research findings point to the fact that researchers are beginning to develop interest on the neurological processes that trigger fear response mechanisms. Conclusion The biological basis of fear can be explained by the evolutionary concepts of anxiety and emotions and adaptations of human beings to different stimuli. However, empirical research findings have established a basis for explaining the biology of fear through the human mind the structures such as the hypothalamus, amygdala, thalamus, hippocampus and the sensory cortex. The outcome of predisposing factors that trigger emotions tend to instill fear in human beings as discussed in this paper. The biological basis of fear in terms of psychological and behavioural responses relates to emotion and anxiety, which is an advanced form of fear. Further research should be directed to the neurochemical processes that occur in the brain and the chemical components involved in response to fear.

Imagery in Ragged Dick Essay -- essays papers

Imagery in Ragged Dick Imagery plays a big part in the success of a novel. Different writers have different styles. The good thing about imagery is it makes room for the reader to put things together. The reader is allowed to interpret the story the way that they like. "Ragged Dick", Horatio Alger, Jr. did a great thing with imagery. While reading the novel readers had a change to envision many things that were mentioned in each chapter. Algar interconnected the appearances of the main character to his living arrangement. He also connected these things with the character's attitude. "Ragged Dick" is about a young boy, name Dick Hunter, who earns his living by shining shoes in New York. He is a very street-smart young boy. All thought the story *censored* was treated according to his appearance. In the beginning of the novel Dick was working on someone shoes when he overheard a conversation between a young boy name Frank and his uncle. Frank wanted to take a tour around the city but his uncle was to busy. Dick interrupted the conversation and said he will give Frank a tour. Before they left for the tour Frank thought Dick need a new suit. While Dick gave Frank a tour, Frank gave Dick something's to think about. He talked to Dick about everything from shining shoes to where Dick was going to live. Dick did not have a home. "His bedchamber had been a wooden box half full of straw . . ."(pg4). He ate whatever he could afford. Looking at his clothes one would assume he was poor. " His pants were torn in several places, and had apparently belonged in the first instance to a boy two sizes larger than himself. He wore a vest, all the buttons of which peeped a shirt which looked as if it had been worn a month. ... ... little better. " I think we can afford to leave Moot Street now," he continued. " This house isn't as neat as it might be, and I should like to live in a nicer quarter of the city."(P184) Dick agreed and decided the sooner the better. He wanted to start the very next day, since he retired from boot blacking. In society today appearances are very important. People associate nice clothes with money. You can see in Ragged Dick that is not always the case. In the beginning of the story Dick did not really care where he lived but after he got new clothes he started thinking differently. He wanted to live in a better place. The connect Algar make was good. It makes people aware of the things we do. People concentrate to much on appearances and not personality. I do believe nice clothes may make a person feel better about them, partly because people treat them better.

PEACE BUILDING PROCESS Essay

Conflict refers to the state of opposition, disagreement or incompatibility between two or more people which is sometimes characterized by physical violence. Conflict occur in different forms such as boundary and territorial conflicts, civil wars and internal conflicts having international repercussions, succession conflicts in territories decolonized and political ideological conflicts. In the other hand post conflict is the situation in which open warfare has come to an end. Such situation remains tense for years and can easily relapse into large scale violence. Peace building describes interventions that are designed to prevent the start of violent conflict by creating sustainable peace. This start before conflict starts or it ends. Post conflict peace building means action to identify and support structures which will tend to strengthen and solidify peace in order to avoid relapse into conflict. Peace building process takes different dimensions according to scholars. According to Barnett et al. post peace building process follows three dimensions that is stabilizing post conflict zone; restoring state institutions and dealing with social and economic issues. Stabilizing post conflict; Peace building activities directly attempt to reduce the means available, and the incentives, for actors to return to conflict. They include disarmament (taking away weapons), demobilization, reintegration programs (re-integrating former combatants into civil society), security sector reform, and arms control for light and heavy weapons systems. The first three activities (Disarmament, Demobilization, Re-integrating or DDR) are comprehensive process at the core of peace building as DDR is uses as preventive intervention that is the core component of peace agreement. Practitioners should be cautioned in using DDR approach because it does not provide panacea and it must be understood that just as situations vary, so do possible solutions differ. Restoring state institutions; this dimension tends to reinforce building state capacity to provide basic public goods and increase state legitimacy. Activities involved in this dimension involving rebuilding basic facilities, transportation and communication network, utilities; building health and education infrastructure. But because international actors do not envisag e playing state-like functions long into the future, they also provide some degree of technical and capacity building assistance for state institutions—even as they support parallel NGO’s or private sector structures that may operate outside of or duplicate state functions. For instance, international financial institutions typically provide technical assistance so that state institutions can develop the capacity to build, monitor, and regulate basic economic and financial activities. Dealing with social and economic issues, programs in this context attempt to build not only the state’s but also society’s ability to manage conflict peacefully and develop the socioeconomic infrastructure necessary to underpin economic development. Activities include trauma counseling; transitional justice and restoration; community dialogue; building bridges between communities; increasing peace adherence of human rights; gender empowerment; raising environmental awareness; promoting economic development and developing a civil society and private sector that can represent diverse interests and challenges the state peacefully (Barnett,2007). In general, it takes time to address fragility and building peace and it is done best from the bottom up especially th rough civil society and local government but many post conflict countries have weak local structures which require support. Sri Lanka is an example of the critical country that government has in a post-conflict situation and where it needs to work in partnership with national agencies, commonwealth and international partners. These institutions may function to restore local infrastructure, provide new houses, ensure basic services and encourage local economic development. Major organizations that work worldwide UN Peace-building Commission (PBC), UN Peace-building Fund (PBF), World Bank, International Monetary Fund and European Commission. In the same line of thought the supports provided by particular organizations are not enough as they are undertaking supply driven than the demand driven that is they provide peace building service in which their organizations specializes, not necessary that the recipient most needs. References Barnett, M., Kim, H., O’Donnell, M. and Sitea, L. (2007). â€Å"Peace building: What is in a name?†. Global governance. 13:35-38 Muggah, R. (2006). â€Å"Managing post conflict zones: DDR and weapons reduction.† In small arms survey year book 2005: weapons at war (small arms survey), 21 Schirch, L. (2013). Conflict Assessment & Peacebuilding Planning. CO: Lynn Reinner Press. UN General assembly (n.d). Disarmament, Demobilization and Re-intergration. para 9-10 Wright, C. Peace-building in post-conflict states. London, 2013

French University Reform Essays

French University Reform Essays French University Reform Essay French University Reform Essay It is on Thursday eight of November when the professor arrived to learn in one of higher establishment of larning to happen merely four out of a category of about 50 pupils sited in the schoolroom waiting for their right to instruction. But once more to the amazement of the lector the door had been locked by the janitors. no furniture that were indoors ; doubtless concluded that was traveling to be a wholly different twenty-four hours. and no acquisition was traveling to take topographic point. Has been like in the instance the twenty-four hours before. a good figure of pupils had gone on work stoppage ; non truly protesting against modest as was being claimed governments in the running of the universities. but the evident extremist reforms the Gallic authorities had proposed for privatising higher larning instruction system that was in desperate demand of. Nowhere else in any universities runing from Harvard to Haifa. the free university of Berlin to Wichita province can one brush such sort of higher instruction as inefficient. helter-skelter. perversely bureaucratic and at the same clip dysfunctional as the higher instruction system like that of French. : It is even interesting that an American professor in the Gallic system does non merely experience displaced but feels holding landed wholly on another planet. This is because everything every bit far as higher instruction system is concerned is a muss ; from substructure. a module office to student lodging. nice wages for talks. to even ample schoolrooms everything that is necessary for both instruction and research ( Lowenthal 1998: 1-5 ) . What existent was in France. was democracy merely as a name and equality of chance which ill practiced in higher establishments. this lead to over crowded schoolrooms. underpaid professors. an ugly state of affairs where module offices are shared between eight to ten teachers. in add-on. the system was mired in a batch of bureaucratism ; for illustration for one to acquire some photocopies you have to go through through a series of secretaries in the signifiers of gum elastic casts and in add-on you have a to halt at several offices before you at long last acquire the service done. but sing all this. the authorities still calls it democratic ; to me seems it is democratic because it reduces wholly everything to the lowest possible common denominator. I am stating this because this is a county which is really unequal in its instruction system since through high school. it does a really recommendable occupation but on making to higher degrees its purpose seems to be fiscal procuring. in the sense that it spends really small in higher academic acquisition in order to salvage money at the disbursal of the immature people who deserve it. so I may inquire. is at that place any demand of puting so much in high school or secondary instruction? The Gallic parliament adapted Torahs which allows universities more autonomy to pull off their assets and budgets recruit staff and design classs. make partnerships with concern and in add-on to look for more support from private fiscal corporations. it besides gives particular power to university caputs. sing that even in America Universities have really high liberty. and power caputs ( Lowenthal 1998: 3-8 ) . The students’ presentation was need for extremist alteration in higher instruction direction ; from finance. mercantile establishments for alumnuss in using their instruction. to the choice of pupils. And as such. the extremist reforms that were suggested by the present authorities have been strongly resisted by many people and professionals from all back evidences and they include the harmonisation of Gallic Diplomas to degrees that would do them go fundamentally a bachelor’s. a master’s and PhD with the of remainder of Europe and in add-on a grater localisation of authorization over Gallic universities. this will as a consequence allow single universities more autonomy over their budgets. But what about modest proposals the pupils were showing against? In the proposed extremist alteration. the authorities backed off organize them for the chief ground that many people in France don’t prefer such proposals for they raise the dark ghost of an elitist and undemocratic system which would therefore mean that instruction will be merely for the rich which they besides falsely assume happens in America. However. it is non a frailty with its upfront in chase of a nice system of higher instruction which will make off with inequality as seen by many Gallic Authorities. Again the authorities needs to set some good sum of money although it might be root of immorality like an American professor who teaches in France puts it. There is a point at which excessively much democracy like excessively much pasties before dinner can take to a sort of facile and simplistic inebriation. For though money may good be at the root of all evil. it can besides pave the route to a greater justness. a more benevolent. though still imperfect. universe. Indeed. the major difference I have therefore far seem between the purportedly elite university where I besides teach the institute detades politiques de Paris. for which most pupils pass an entryway test and pay around $ 31000 in one-year tuition. and in the more democratic one the former plants. A manageable figure of pupils really show up in a schoolroom designed to suit them conveying with them the books from which they can really larn ( Rahul 2007: 4-7 ) The participants of the presentation denounced the denationalization of higher instruction. those hazards of diktat of private companies and demanded an addition in subscription fees. in add-on they besides cried for the declining societal inequality. This is because the integrating of private companies in regulating secondary schools regulating boards and funding higher instruction would be biased towards topics oriented or inclined towards their concern demands and automatically topics like literature. history and sociology would be extremely suppressed. The release motion on November 9 would hold slowed down but was heightened by so. so deteriorating societal clime. This made the authorities to denounce the work stoppage and all encirclements as fundamentally a political motion tormented by one side. with its ain purpose to hurt of the involvement of the pupils. As the presentation was traveling on Valerie Pecrease met with the pupils. brotherhood on for treatments. and in the meeting he told the pupils that the jurisprudence can non modify harmonizing to their demands but supported adjustment an amendment that was put frontward by the Union for a popular motion ( UPM ) . and promised to add? 11 million to the proposed 2008 budget. But the leader of UNEF pupil brotherhood claimed that the addition was clear grant to the mobilization and it was a good sign but insufficient and at the same clip urged pupils to mobilise more in order to win other grants. The jurisprudence was subsequently adopted in parliament and the brotherhood accommodated itself to it. One of the first European Union’ Lisbon scheme is to allow more liberty for university which is besides set out by the European council set in Lisbon in March 2000. to make Europe. by 2010. the most competitory and the most dynamic cognition based economic system in the world ( Rahul 2007: 5-7 ) However Gallic is behind in doing this sort of reforms to enable it vie in a planetary cognition based economic system. Such reforms are really critical for its capitalist economy which presently falls behind its challengers. However. president Sarkozy promises to prosecute reform plan. although he is tepid about it. All the same pupils don’t have much support. even the support from societal party has non given its support to the UEF nevertheless. even if it gives its support its place is the same like that of UNEF. The socialist party supports the rule of the jurisprudence and gives much consideration on the extremely dissentious inquiry of the encirclements. because they are the agencies of enlarging the motion. in my sentiment. they forget that today one does non hold to barricade the university to enable him convert the pupils. However. one might non fault the authorities because the current privatization of the universities is mostly based on ignorance of the current existing pattern and refusal to compare and measure. as in like even a more efficient higher instruction system of United States. In the terminal. they will finally perpetuate an undemocratic. and underfinanced system that offers pupils deficient preparation and to the state as a whole at the same clip it gives the state a degree of research below its criterion of what it is capable of accomplishing. This will further increases the inequalities among pupils. the spread between universities and the Grandes Ecoles in France. and in conclusion between Gallic and foreign establishments ( Rahul 2007: 7-9 ) This in the existent sense. it means future employment are at interest we therefore need to take the bravery to interrupt this tabu or else we continue droping farther. Work cited Lowenthal. M. ( 1998 ) . In the article Unsanctioned projects for Gallic university reform higher instruction Quarterly 22 ( 4 ) ; 1-8 Rahul. K. ( 2007 ) . In the article French pupils mobilise against university reform ; 1-9

quot;Identifying Misleading Information In An Argumentquot; Coursework

quot;Identifying Misleading Information In An Argumentquot; Coursework Identifying Misleading Information In An Argument – Coursework Example Identifying Misleading Information Affiliation Identifying Misleading Information From the arguments presented, the information and statistics used are accurate. The topic on the effects of drugs on the American society can be researched as the same statistics presented can be emulated. In addition, the statistics are obtained from credible sources. Beins & Beins (2012) assert that the source of statistical data depict the validity and accuracy. Consequently, the arguments presented has effectively persuaded me. This is based on both the structure and argument of the argument. The argument commences with the stating on the dire effects of drug abuse on the society. The argument is then supported by the provision of reliable statistics. The effects of drug abuse are further stated as well statistics supporting the idea provided. This allows for the reader to understand the scope of the argument in an accurate statistical presentation. In my position, the validity of my arguments are determined by my ability to provide statistics to support the ideas. Beins & Beins (2012) are of the assumption that to increase the ability on an audience to positively perceive an argument, the speaker should be able to provide arguments that can be statistical supported. For instance, I was provided with the responsibility of providing argument on the negative ideas of taking prescribed medical drugs. My audience could only agree with the argument provided after the provision of supporting statistics. In addition, from the obtained statistics one is able to develop the research based on the conclusion derived from accurately obtained data.ReferenceBeins, B. & Beins, A. (2012). Effective Writing in Psychology: Papers, Posters and Presentations. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

THe Glass Ceiling in the US Military

THe Glass Ceiling in the US Military Free Online Research Papers Being a member of the United States Armed Forces I believe that since entering the service in late 2003, I have personally witnessed the glass ceiling in affect as well as it be nonexistent in numerous situations, positions, and places. The military overall is still primarily made of males, with males making up roughly about 80% of the total military force. With percentages like that it would be easy to see why some military service members would be hesitant if not resistant to women having equal advancement and command opportunities. In 1948 the Law 625, The Women’s Armed Services Act was signed into effect by President Harry Truman, allowing women to serve in the armed forces in fully integrated units during peacetime. Throughout the following 62 years post Law 625 being passed, women have slowly achieved more and more milestones related with military service. On December 20 1989 Capt Linda L. Bray, 29, became the first woman to command American soldiers in battle. However to the date they still as a whole have not achieved a complete level playing field. As of November 2008 there is only one female currently serving as a 4-star general. So overall it’s been a slow transition for females military speaking. One of the many reasons that this overall process has been slow is due to the still overall thought and assumption that women cannot perform certain task, and jobs currently performed by males due to physical restrictions and inabilities. Currently, women are not allowed to serve in the United States Marine Corps as an infantryman of any type. Many still have the misguided belief that women don’t have the strength or â€Å"guts† to be in a combat unit, that they lack the killer-instinct and the ability to kill if need be. It is widely thought that with today’s given technology and the way current wars are fought that there is absolutely no reason women cannot serve in every capacity allowed or designated to men. Utilitarianism is the idea that the moral worth of an action is determined solely by its usefulness in maximizing utility/minimizing negative utility, meaning that the moral worth of an action is determined by its outcome. From a Utilitarian standpoint, the allowance of women into every job field and duty currently held by men as well as the allowance to command better the military as a whole. By providing more bodies and personnel for assignment currently held only by males, the frequency and duration of certain assignments could possibly be changed, this benefit than trickles down to reduce hardships possibly felt by families with loved ones abroad for long periods or in dangerous areas. There are few negatives that can be discussed, such as possible unit cohesion issues with female integration into units and duties held prior only by males. Also a certain level of distraction may exist with males and females working in close proximity and relationships can cause unnecessary grief and tension not need on the battlefield. With a deontological view and it being based around an adherence to rules and regulations some may look at women’s entering into all military capacities as a failure to follow the guidelines currently in place and that in breaking those guidelines may cause undue hardship and unrest as a whole. I believe it would be hard-pressed however, to truly show a greater negative affect than positive in this manner. In conclusion I believe overall the glass ceiling has and is continuing to disappear, only remaining in select conditions and jobs within the military. As time goes on, though a slow process, I believe women will begin to fully equalize in terms of military service. Let us hope that the majority of us who serve will accept this greater good benefit for all active duty service members. Research Papers on THe Glass Ceiling in the US MilitaryInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Fifth HorsemanResearch Process Part OneOpen Architechture a white paperAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Twilight of the UAWThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

British Defence Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

British Defence Policy - Essay Example The passengers on the fourth plane rose up and fought their oppressors, but the price was fatal. By the time that military responses could be coordinated, the World Trade Center and the Pentagon had already been hit. Paradigm shifts like this were part of the rationale behind the writing of the Defence White Paper entitled "Delivering Security in a Changing World" in 2003. The British government recognized a number of factors that necessitated changes in the ways that government agencies handled domestic security. According to the introduction to the white paper, it was "evident that the successful management of international security problems [would] require ever more integrated planning of military, diplomatic and economic instruments at both national and international levels" (Ministry of Defence 2003, p. 1). In other words, not only would countries have to be able to cooperate in ways that had not yet been possible in meeting the challenges of a common enemy, agencies within the same government would also have to work in concert swiftly to meet the challenges of terrorism, and there are many countries in which this interagency cooperation would prove more of a challenge than finding common g round with other countries. The improvement in military technologies was also a factor, which led those writing the paper to "look at how.new technologies [can] deliver military effects in different ways[including] flexible forces able to configure to generate the right capability in a less predictable and more complex operational environment" (Ministry of Defence 2003, p. 1). The goal of the white paper was to "move away from simplistic platform-centric planning to a fully 'networked enabled capability' able to exploit effects-based planning and operations, using forces which are truly adaptable, capable of even greater levels of precision, and rapidly deployable" (Ministry of Defence 2003, p. 1). Clearly, some paradigm shifts were underway in the restructuring of British security. Although the British government conducted another SDR in 2002, after the 9/11 attacks in the United States, there were other international events and factors that led to the writing of this white paper. The first one mentioned was the large number of small crises that were occurring all over the globe, including Kosovo, Macedonia, Sierra Leone, East Timor, Afghanistan, Congo, and Iraq - all at once. Constructing a military to face two or three theaters, at most, would be outdated in the current security environment. Also, while theaters in past conflicts, such as the Falkland Islands, or even such conflicts that, at the time, seemed protracted (like the Second World War), ended up taking less time to resolve that some of these foreign crises have in the past decade. Also, the structure of NATO has changed, transitioning from a group of large, static forces to smaller response teams that can go outside the NATO territory. Similarly, the creation of the European Security and Defence P olicy (ESDP) has fragmented the size of response teams even further. Also, a strategic partnership with Russia could present a variety of demands, given the instability that, at times, has plagued Russia's infrastructure, particularly their oil pipelines. The spreading of weapons of mass destruction around the world, and particularly the ease with which individuals and small

Teamwork and Motivation Problem of Friendly Bank Coursework

Teamwork and Motivation Problem of Friendly Bank - Coursework Example Technology has changed the whole concept of traditional banking and the recession dragged most of the private banks on a verge of shut down (Robbins, Judge, Millett and Boyle, 2013). In this paper, the effect of such structural changes on Friendly Bank will be analyzed and the role of team leaders and supervisors will be evaluated to understand their level of efficiency to motivate the team members and drive them towards achieving newly formed organizational objectives, keeping at pace with changing organizational cultures (Tissington, Hasel and Matthiesen, 2009). Â  Friendly bank, online banking division of Parkers Plc, is one of the high street banks of Southampton, reputed for its excellence in customer services. The targeted customer segment of Parker Plc being white, middle class and wealthy, the bank enjoys a competitive advantage by ensuring security and stability for all its customers. According to the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the bank, Hector Brogan, Parker Plc is distinct from all other banks because, with Parker, the customers know where their money is. However, as a result of severe financial depression, especially in the European economy, in 2012 the bank was driven almost on a verge of bankruptcy. Though the bank had survived from a hostile takeover by a major competitor in 2013, more than 60% of the branch network of Parker Plc were closed and replaced by online banking operations to reduce operating cost. It restarted its operations under the head of Friendly Bank, established in the outskirts of Southampton, near the existing regional office of Parker Plc. Redundant employees of Parker Plc were shifted to the online and phone banking customer service operations of Friendly Bank at a less salary package. Emphasis was shifted from customer service to sale of wide range of financial products for generating additional income for the bank and accordingly Sales against Target (SAT) was introduced as a performance indicator.

Analysis of Employee Involvement on American Water Company Essay

Analysis of Employee Involvement on American Water Company - Essay Example The following advantages had been cited for having employee involvement in an organization. It is argued that when employees are allowed to get involved in the organization’s decision making, employees are more likely to apply decisions they have made themselves (Porter, et al., 1975). Staw & Ross stated that employees know better what is expected of them, and they commit better to the organization’s decision (1978). [Employee]Participation may lower the disutility of effort, by providing intrinsic motivation (Staw, 1980). Also, participation may suit non-financial needs such as achievement, creativity and the longing for respect. This may also develop cooperation and communication; employees discuss with each other instead of allowing all discussions only to the management, saving management time. When employees are participative, they tend to supervise themselves, therefore reducing the need for a lot of managerial positions and lessening costs of labor. Involvement t eaches employees new skills and helps identify and train leaders. Strauss emphasized that â€Å"participation increases loyalty and identification with the organization†. He also argued that â€Å"If participation and rewards take place in a group setting, the group may pressure individuals to conform to decisions† (1977).When management leaders and union participate cooperatively to resolve problems on a nonadversarial basis; it improves the union-management relationship. Involvement often results in the setting of goals and according to Latham, Gary â€Å"goal setting is often an effective motivational technique, particularly when workers set their own goals (1988). However, employee involvement had been evaluated as disadvantageous in some ways. Among the disadvantages cited are: Employees may be less knowledgeable than managers, and the understanding of the decisions they made may be different.  

Literacy Narrative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Literacy Narrative - Essay Example Out of the blues, or perhaps I supposed, I said, â€Å"mum banana kitchen.† Dad looked at me for a long time with a smiling face, then, as was our tradition whenever I got anything right, he gave a pat, and sent me to the car. This time, I did not find the usual candy he had for me, but a large toy of a learning kit comprising a book and a doll with prerecorded manes of different names for the various animals, trees, types of food, types of houses, professions, cars, among others. This became the darling of my days that I spent at home, listening and repeating what the doll said. Before I knew, I knew most of the animals, insects, houses, foods, cars and professions. I could differentiate between a car and a lorry, a bicycle from a motorcycle, a train from a train, a mango from a banana, among others. Father one day told me, â€Å"I will take you to a school where you would learn to speak and write too.† That was my biggest joy, knowing that I could speak as fluently and comfortably as the reporters. By the time I was of school age, I could grasp a few sentences said on television, especially by actors of local programs. The idea that school would give me the opportunity to learn reading and writing, in addition to speaking like the people on television overwhelmed me. I was so eager to start school that I started assuming my dad being the real teacher and our living room the classroom. â€Å"It is an interesting place, you will find other children like you, they will be fun and a teacher who will teach you all you want to know,† dad told me, increasing my curiosity. Now I was alert more than ever. Walking into my classroom for the first time, looking tiny but confident was more than jubilation for me. With father and mother by my side, and after taking a photo beside our car, they escorted me to office. Dad went to the senior office, and later emerged with a nicely dressed man, sharp looking and nicely dressed. Although he was in a

Academic Grade Appeal Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Academic Grade Appeal Letter - Essay Example After thoroughly analyzing some of the factors that had impacted the change and brought about the outcome the following were identified as the primary factors. There were two primary issues that influenced the recent developments in my academic path. One reason was the result of a computer failure prior to the presentation of the required work. Previously and specifically during the 2015 spring semester, the computer worked fine and I experienced no problems posting the relevant papers and tracking the developments. However, during the week in question my computer developed certain issues that inhibited access to the internet. The intention is not to make any excuses but to state the facts regarding the troubles that befell me and contributed to my inability to present my papers. The computer failure prevented and inhibited access to search engines, connections to any WI-FI, and an attempt to make the appropriate remedies resulted in the system’s crash. On the 18th of June 2015, I visited the IT director’s office hoping to have my computer diagnosed, and the documents recovered to facilitate the upload of my work. The directo r’s attempts were unsuccessful and the problem, as he stated, had progressed to the point that the computer could not accept any input commands The other issue involved the numerous travels to North Carolina in pursuit of information and data necessary to the completion of my capstone project. A mixture of long travelling hours, academic hours, and my employer’s requirements contributed significantly to the changes and affected my academic excellence. I developed a comprehensive plan of action seeking to address the issues. The faulty computer has since been returned to the seller who has promised to have it fixed. In the event that the diagnosis process fails, I have incorporated financial measures that would allow me purchase a new computer and backup storages to avoid future loss of relevant academic data. I am

MARKETING PLAN FOR CIGAFLAVA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

MARKETING PLAN FOR CIGAFLAVA - Essay Example A company analysis is reported as an internal review using SWOT analysis and competitive analysis with the rival cigarette brands. It also includes a consumer analysis where the company aims at targeting young adults and social smokers as a market entry strategy. The financial overview is discussed in the report. The overview will cover the allocation of resources on the different processes of the company as well as the share of each marketing promotion strategies on the marketing budget. A sales forecast is included that will tell how much the company will generate in revenues for the whole year. An implementation plan is also illustrated on the report. The activities are focused on the different marketing tools that the company will utilize in order to gain market share. In order to ensure the success of the marketing plan and its activities, several control areas are identified for monitoring. Deblyn Enterprise's mission is to provide the highest quality and lowest cost of flavored cigarettes for the market. The company exists to attract customers and satisfy customers' needs. The company will ensure success by developing and promoting a niche product - flavored cigarettes. Cigaflava and its sub-products will exceed the expectations of the company's customers. It is the objective of the company to maintain a steady sales growth for Cigaflava each quarter. It will continue to increase market penetration in the US by 2% per quarter. The company will increase brand awareness for Cigaflava and its uniquely flavored cigarettes. Situational Analysis The tobacco industry is deeply rooted in the US history. During the period of the early settlers, the export of tobacco to England had financed the shipment of essential goods to the country. Tobacco became their lifeblood. Today, tobacco sales continue to play a major role in the US economy. The cigarette industry segment has become an important segment for tobacco. In the 20th century, cigarette smoking is the leading form of tobacco consumption. In industrialized countries such as the US, cigarettes disproportionately influence tobacco spending. It is on this industry segment that Cigaflava aims to enter into. SWOT Analysis The following SWOT Analysis encapsulates the key strengths and weaknesses within the company and illustrates the opportunities and threats facing Deblyn Co. and its Cigaflava products. Strengths The strength of the company lies on the niche product - flavored cigarettes. It is a growing new industry and the company is prepared to exploit it. The products are new flavors in the market. It is made with a strong flavor but with low

Literacy Narrative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Literacy Narrative - Essay Example Out of the blues, or perhaps I supposed, I said, â€Å"mum banana kitchen.† Dad looked at me for a long time with a smiling face, then, as was our tradition whenever I got anything right, he gave a pat, and sent me to the car. This time, I did not find the usual candy he had for me, but a large toy of a learning kit comprising a book and a doll with prerecorded manes of different names for the various animals, trees, types of food, types of houses, professions, cars, among others. This became the darling of my days that I spent at home, listening and repeating what the doll said. Before I knew, I knew most of the animals, insects, houses, foods, cars and professions. I could differentiate between a car and a lorry, a bicycle from a motorcycle, a train from a train, a mango from a banana, among others. Father one day told me, â€Å"I will take you to a school where you would learn to speak and write too.† That was my biggest joy, knowing that I could speak as fluently and comfortably as the reporters. By the time I was of school age, I could grasp a few sentences said on television, especially by actors of local programs. The idea that school would give me the opportunity to learn reading and writing, in addition to speaking like the people on television overwhelmed me. I was so eager to start school that I started assuming my dad being the real teacher and our living room the classroom. â€Å"It is an interesting place, you will find other children like you, they will be fun and a teacher who will teach you all you want to know,† dad told me, increasing my curiosity. Now I was alert more than ever. Walking into my classroom for the first time, looking tiny but confident was more than jubilation for me. With father and mother by my side, and after taking a photo beside our car, they escorted me to office. Dad went to the senior office, and later emerged with a nicely dressed man, sharp looking and nicely dressed. Although he was in a

MARKETING PLAN FOR CIGAFLAVA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

MARKETING PLAN FOR CIGAFLAVA - Essay Example A company analysis is reported as an internal review using SWOT analysis and competitive analysis with the rival cigarette brands. It also includes a consumer analysis where the company aims at targeting young adults and social smokers as a market entry strategy. The financial overview is discussed in the report. The overview will cover the allocation of resources on the different processes of the company as well as the share of each marketing promotion strategies on the marketing budget. A sales forecast is included that will tell how much the company will generate in revenues for the whole year. An implementation plan is also illustrated on the report. The activities are focused on the different marketing tools that the company will utilize in order to gain market share. In order to ensure the success of the marketing plan and its activities, several control areas are identified for monitoring. Deblyn Enterprise's mission is to provide the highest quality and lowest cost of flavored cigarettes for the market. The company exists to attract customers and satisfy customers' needs. The company will ensure success by developing and promoting a niche product - flavored cigarettes. Cigaflava and its sub-products will exceed the expectations of the company's customers. It is the objective of the company to maintain a steady sales growth for Cigaflava each quarter. It will continue to increase market penetration in the US by 2% per quarter. The company will increase brand awareness for Cigaflava and its uniquely flavored cigarettes. Situational Analysis The tobacco industry is deeply rooted in the US history. During the period of the early settlers, the export of tobacco to England had financed the shipment of essential goods to the country. Tobacco became their lifeblood. Today, tobacco sales continue to play a major role in the US economy. The cigarette industry segment has become an important segment for tobacco. In the 20th century, cigarette smoking is the leading form of tobacco consumption. In industrialized countries such as the US, cigarettes disproportionately influence tobacco spending. It is on this industry segment that Cigaflava aims to enter into. SWOT Analysis The following SWOT Analysis encapsulates the key strengths and weaknesses within the company and illustrates the opportunities and threats facing Deblyn Co. and its Cigaflava products. Strengths The strength of the company lies on the niche product - flavored cigarettes. It is a growing new industry and the company is prepared to exploit it. The products are new flavors in the market. It is made with a strong flavor but with low

Pilot Fatigue and its role in Aviation Safety Essay Example for Free

Pilot Fatigue and its role in Aviation Safety Essay ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to observe the growing concern of pilot fatigue and the role it plays in aviation safety. A brief assessment of the effects and possible solution to this problem will be carried out. A mention of some of the incidents from the past will also find its place in this paper. Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aviation industry is on a growing spree and in the times to come there are going to be more and more airlines filling the sky. As we move steps further towards globalization we are going to need this service more frequently which further increases the pressure on our airlines. To tackle with this situation, especially when the availability of trained pilots is less than required, the pilots are forced to fly more frequently and for longer hours. This causes physical as well as mental stress to buildup as a result of which the efficiency of pilots decreases. This non-pathologic state resulting in physical and mental stress is known as ‘Fatigue’. Human body is always in need of rest, especially in the form of sleep, after regular intervals of time. Any lack in the required rest causes fatigue to be developed in one’s body. Due to fatigue there can be a feeling of sleeplessness, tiredness or exhaustion in a person. This feeling if effective during flight hours can be really dangerous not only for the pilot but also for the lives of the passengers traveling with him and can cause accidents. The only solution to this problem that has been known so far and will ever be known in the times to come is sufficient amount of sleep. This unfortunately is what the pilots are not getting these days and are not expected to get at least in the near future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The findings from the past have shown that fatigue was responsible for a large number of aviation accidents. According to a study carried out by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) of flight accidents related to flight crew in US from 1978 to 1990, one of the findings related the accidents to fatigue by stating that   â€Å"Half the captains for whom data were available had been awake for more than 12 hours prior to their accidents. Half the first officers had been awake for more than 11 hours. Crews comprising captains and first officers whose time since awake was above the median for their crew position made more errors overall, and significantly more procedural and tactical decision errors. (Strauss, n.d.). Sleep and Sleep Loss   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is essential for a human body to get the required amount of sleep. Sleep is considered to be an essential ingredient of our life without which it is not possible to survive. Whenever a person does not get enough sleep a signal is sent by brain to the body which results in Sleepiness. Eyelids start to get heavier and there is fatigue in the whole body. A person starts to loose concentration and may even go to sleep while he is on a job. If there is a deficiency in sleeping hours of a person and suppose every day a person looses 1 hour of sleep known as â€Å"Sleep Loss†, then it goes on accumulating over days and results in what is known as â€Å"Sleep Debt†. This debt if not cleared can cause serious problems ultimately resulting in fatigue. It has been found in researches that before flying a plane it is necessary to have sufficient amount of sleep (about 8 hours) for the pilots. If they are allowed to fly continuously without getting the required amount of rest (or sleeping hours) in between their flying schedules, then fatigue is most likely to develop in them resulting in, loss of concentration, memory   and   alertness, slow reaction time, reduced decision power, and bad mood. All these factors are basic ingredients of making mistakes and thus causing accidents. Crew rest   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fatigue starts to build up from the time one gets out of sleep. Development of fatigue also depends on the amount of time a person was awake before the actual flight operation. Some times there are delays in flight timings due to several reasons ranging from weather conditions to mechanical problems. This means that a pilot has been â€Å"on duty† for a long time before boarding in the plane. Although he may be flying the plane for the normal length of time but delay in flight timing has resulted in him being involved in the activities for much longer, which also results in the pilot being fatigued. Similarly there may be a case of airport congestion as a result of which a pilot cannot land and has to hover in the air for a long time or due to bad whether the plane needs to be redirected to some other destination causing him to fly for longer duration than normal. These instances also cause fatigue to be developed. Overall the fact is that ample amount of rest is essentially required by the human body to keep it fit and fatigue free.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"A brief review of US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) flight time and rest rules for scheduled domestic commercial carriers (US Code Title 14, part 121.471) are as follows† (Strauss, n.d.).: Crewmember total flying time maximum of: 1000 hours in any calendar year. 100 hours in any calendar month. 30 hours in any 7 consecutive days. 8 hours between required rest periods. Rest for scheduled flight during the 24 hours preceding the completion of any flight segment: 9 consecutive of hours rest for less than 8 hours scheduled flight time. 10 hours rest for 8 hours or more, but less than 9 hours scheduled flight time. 11 hours rest for 9 hours or more scheduled flight time. Diet and nutrition   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   People all over the world use coffee as a stimulant to remain awake for longer periods of time. Same is the case with pilots. To remain alert they normally consume coffee. The problem with coffee is that although it keeps a person alert, it cannot prevent body from getting tired and thus fatigued. The body still is in working condition for all these hours and hence the effect of coffee is temporary alertness and not a solution to fatigue. Also coffee is diuretic which means that it discharges more fluids than what it takes in and hence results in dehydration which is a cause of fatigue. It is always good to keep your body fit by exercising but there should be a sufficient amount of rest and consumption of water followed by it as exercises cause a lot of dehydration. However dehydration can also be caused by the fact that inside the cockpit humidity is very. There is always a balanced diet recommended for not only pilots but everyone. A pilot should always ensure a healthy diet which provides sufficient energy as well as nutrients for his body. Hypoglycemia, which is caused by low blood sugar levels, is a major cause of feeling sleepiness. A healthy diet ensures sufficient levels of blood sugar and thus energy, preventing hypoglycemia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã¢â‚¬ËœFinally, alcohol is known to disrupt sleep dramatically and therefore contributes to the poor quantity and quality of sleep obtained on trip nights. Alternative approaches to the use of alcohol to unwind after duty and promote sleep should be identified and offered (e.g., relaxation skills)’ (Rosekind, 1994). Other causes of fatigue   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the most important factors of causing fatigue, other than sleep debt, is the flight deck environment. Inside the deck there are a lot of factors contributing to fatigue such as lesser availability of space, variation in air flow, low atmospheric pressure, low humidity and presence of a lot of noise and vibration. Also in modern aircrafts a number of additional features and systems have been incorporated which means that the pilots have to handle multiple systems resulting in more stress. History of incidents There have been incidents in the past where fatigue has proved to not only be dangerous but also fatal. A legend in aviation refers to an incident when a pilot went to sleep with his autopilot on and found on waking up that the plane was 2 hours from the nearest destination with only one hour of fuel left. This may just be a story but in many cases researches have proved fatigue to be a cause of dangerous and fatal accidents. Some of the cases have been listed below:- In June 1999 there was a runway accident of American Airlines Flight 1420 in which 11 people died, including the aircraft captain, and many injuries among the 145 passengers and crew aboard the flight KAL Flight 801 crashed in Guam on August 6, 1997, was mainly due to a lack of situational awareness resulting in controlled flight into terrain (CFIT). The captain prior to flying to Guam had flown from Seoul to Australia, back to Seoul, to Hong Kong, and then back to Seoul again before his fateful trip to Guam, including only a few hours of rest in between. Cessna 177B Cardinal was flown by Joe Reid, pilot-in-command in which he, seven-year-old Jessica Dubroff and her father were killed. He suffered fatigue from the first days flight. On August 18, 1993, a Connie Kalitta DC-8 crashed on a 1/4-mile base leg to final. The flight crew had been on duty for 18 hours and flown nine, thereby experiencing sleep loss and a disruption of their circadian rhythms. ‘On January 2, 1989, the captain of a 707 tried to maneuver his plane to land in Salt Lake City after breaking out of the clouds at 200 feet. He dragged his left, outboard engine on the runway, leaving a 60-foot-long groove. Within the preceding 30 hours, he had been on duty for 19 hours, and flown 13 hours. He had been off duty for almost 12 hours, but was only able to get one hour of sleep in that time’ (Printup, 2000). In August 1985, the crew of a Learjet killed themselves and their passenger in a failed approach to Gulkana, Alaska. One of the contributing factors was that the company would shift the crews duty/rest requirements from FAR Part 135 to those of FAR Part 121, thereby disrupting their sleep patterns and inducing fatigue (Printup, 2000). Countermeasures Based on several reports a number of countermeasures have been devised to improve alertness to counter fatigue. Preventive measures like 3-4 hours of sleep can restore alertness for 12-15 hours and 10-30 minutes of sleep can do it for about 3-4 hours. Similarly it is advised to rest for 15-20 minutes after awakening and before flying. Some of other means to restore alertness are:- Consumption of high protein diet and less intake of fat and high carbohydrate food. Consumption of large quantities of fluids. Use of caffeine to work against fatigue symptoms if awake for 18 hours or less. Due rotation of flight tasks and frequent conversation with other crewmembers Maintenance of temperature inside the deck to lower levels. Frequent movement of body parts and a possible walk in the cabin. Gradually shift times for sleep, meals, and exercise to adjust to a new time zone (Strauss, n.d.). Conclusion For the safety of pilots as well as passengers the issue of pilot fatigue is of major concern. Growing number of aircrafts in the sky also means longer durations of flight for the pilots, which is a major cause of this problem. History bears the testimony to the fact that fatigue has resulted in numerous aviation accidents resulting in the loss of thousand of lives. To save more lives from getting lost there is a need to solve this problem. Allowing flexible schedules for the pilots is the only viable solution in sight at the moment. Our lives are getting busier and it would be wonderful if they become safer as well. References Dawson, Drew and Reid, Kathyryn. (August 1997). Fatigue, Alcohol and Performance Impairment.   Retrieved December 1, 2007, from http://www.eurocockpit.be/media/Dawson-Reid-1997.pdf Dr Samuel Strauss. (n.d.). Pilot Fatigue. Retrieved December 1, 2007, from http://aeromedical.org/Articles/Pilot_Fatigue.html Goode, Jeffrey H. (27 March 2003). Are pilots at risk of accidents due to fatigue?. Retrieved December 1, 2007, from http://www.eurocockpit.be/media/Goode-2003.pdf Heath, Brad and Levin, Alan. (Nov. 8, 2007). Fatigue plays role in aviation mistakes. Retrieved December 1, 2007, from http://www.azcentral.com/arizonarepublic/news/articles/1108sleepypilots1108.html Mann, Michael B. (August 3, 1999). Statement of Michael B. Mann Deputy Associate Administrator Office of Aero-Space Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Hearing on Pilot Fatigue Before the Aviation Subcommittee of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure United States House of Representatives. Retrieved December 1, 2007, from   http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/legaff/mann8-3.html Printup, Mark Brandon. (September, 2000). Guest Editorial: The Effects Of Fatigue On Performance And Safety. Retrieved December 1, 2007, from http://www.airlinesafety.com/editorials/PilotFatigue.htm Rosekind, Mark R. (November 1994). Fatigue in Aviation. Retrieved December 1, 2007, from http://cf.alpa.org/internet/projects/ftdt/alpmag/FATIGUE.html Samel, Alexender,   Wegmann, Hans Martin and Vejvoda, Martin. (1997). AIR CREW FATIGUE IN LONG-HAUL OPERATIONS. Retrieved December 1, 2007, from http://www.eurocockpit.be/media/Samel-Wegmann-Veivoda-1997.pdf

Justification of a Business Plan for Hotel

Justification of a Business Plan for Hotel The Justification of a Business Plan for Rebeccas Hotel Introduction The significance of business plans in all types and sizes of business organizations can never be threaten. The entrepreneurial inquiry puts the entrepreneurs in situations that require judgment. Hence, the need and identification of an approach to address these situations arise (Foss, Foss Klein, 2006, p. 4-5). Such as the justification for business plans as one of the approaches to address business problems, particularly in the event of uncertainties. The use of a business plan is one such approach as it is defined as a formal declaration of what the business wants to achieve. During uncertainties entrepreneurs should find tools to manage them (Sull, 2004, par. 2). Guinipero, Denslow, and Melton (2008) indicated that high propensity risks increase the formality of business plans. A business plan allows the anticipation of risks and improbabilities. A carefully formulated business plan should be able to communicate to stakeholders about the intended direction of the company. Through this, stakeholders should be guided with an understanding of the business situation and subsequently enable them to execute appropriate actions (Honig and Karlson, 2004, p. 30-35). To protect their interests in the business, stakeholders can be guaranteed with action in expectation of favourable business outcomes. The justification for a business plan appears to raise the significance for business successions as they posture challenges. The transition of managerial control frequently simply do not work out (Dalpiaz, Tracey Phillips, 2014, p. 3). Since this paper is based on the succession of a family business, the case study about Rebeccas family business provides insight into the important of business plans even for a small family-run hotel. This paper shall explain the importance of a business plan for Rebeccas case and consequently convince her to undertake the preparation of a business plan. Her case shall be interpret considering the mitigating factors as to why the business plan is necessary. The mitigating factors The retirement of Rebeccas parents had generally prompt the need for a business plan. Nonetheless, the presenting scenario also questions its practicality as their business is started out by her parents, has possibly overcome various business challenges, and is still currently operating, all without a business plan. The need for a business plan is followed by these conditions. Beyond these circumstances, Rebeccas succession to manage the business also presents potential threats. Though Rebeccas work as a kitchen assistant and junior cook despite having those knowledge is useful for the business since the hotel includes a restaurant, but the operation and management of a bar and hotel would require competencies which may not be sufficiently provided by her short time because she went backpacking travel in South-East Asia. Additionally, a three-year backpack travel exposure may not be suitable for Rebecca to develop an understanding of the tourism industry in their locale since the act ivities and opportunities presented in the different locations can be varied. It is important to note the difference in the tourism needs and activities of a travel destination such as the marina compared to the tourism locale Rebecca visited in her three-year adventure. On the other hand, as part of the family, she could have obtained insight into the business operations and her parents management style and business practices. Nevertheless, family-run organizations encounter unique problems due to its inherent nature (Peters Buhalis, 2004; Agyapong Boamah, 2013). Supporting literature shall clarify this in the next section. Even though Kerstin is not a part of this family but because of her relations with Rebecca and also because of her competencies and training, she can be possibly consulted about these consequences. Though small businesses are less likely to hire specialists than large corporations (Wu, Bacon, Hoque, 2014, p. 7), by moral of Rebeccas relationship to her, Kirstens expertise might be confess or at least consulted. It is, however, uncertain that her international exposure at work and the level of training would be suitable for a small family-run hotel. The nature of family-run businesses Family businesses rely on paternalism (Peters Buhalis, 2004, p. 537). Successors operate under the path of their parents especially when the founders are still around. Successors may attempt to introduce new systems and approach which may run contradicting to the family tradition when running the business. But the predecessor may not be able to let go or to completely allow the decision making processes and the management of the enterprise under the new relative-manager. The vision and goals of this relative may be inconsistent with how the parents perceive the business. Likewise, Agyapong and Boamah (2013, p. 533) described family-based relatedness in their study, which appears to produce these problems. The dynamics of family relationships may get in the way of business operations. There may be a cause of separation of the family concerns and business matters, conflicts or inefficiency may be occurred in the business. Family-run businesses are also usually characterized by informal business practices. As a result, these enterprises lack planning or the use of a systematic approach to manage the business especially when problematic activity occur. In the family businesses they commonly use improvisation by the family members (Peters Buhalis, 2004, p. 5), which lead to inconsistencies. There are no product or service standardizations or appropriate consistent controls. The informality of the practice arises from the dynamics of the family relationship. This situation is further entangled by another informal business practice which is inaccurate financial recording that results in financial losses (Peters Buhalis, 2004, p. 6). Family members also make their decisions that tend to be irrational since there appears a lack of information to guide them. In addition, misjudgement of performance indicators also occur and consequently affect the quality of future business decisions. This information could be made consistent, reliable, and more permanent when a proper business plan is created. Succession in family businesses Succession in family businesses is considered an interesting area of research. Studies focus on examining the change which aid or hinder the transfer of power to the succeeding generation, family relationships, and the process (Dalpiaz, Tracey Phillips, 2014, p. 6). A more outstanding evaluation from the studies is the causation approach which indicates that family businesses evolve linearly. In a statistical perspective, the continuity of the family business is related to certain variables which indicate the future state of the business. In the causation approach, a set of goals is identified as one of the factors in which family businesses are described to be established on. However, the goals are recognised to lack systematic process due to the informal nature of family enterprises. Nevertheless, planning, among the other components such as intentionality and resource acquisition, are essential foundations of this approach. Therefore, the continuity of the family business relies on the continuity of establishing plans. However, this time for Rebecca, a conscious formulation and systematic approach for business planning must be used. A few studies shows the reasons why business plans become critically important for family-operated businesses. The studies of Peters and Buhalis (2004) and Agyapong and Boamah (2013) provide important insights into these types of business ownership, particularly in the hotel industry. Both types of research emphasize the need for competitiveness in the industry. Peters and Buhalis (2004) claimed that the competitiveness of destinations is characterized by the domination of small businesses in the tourism and hospitality industry, as such in the case of Austria, the studys research locale. The operations of 240 small family businesses in Austrias tourism destination industry were part of the study in 2003. Research findings suggested that training is an essential element to run family businesses. In addition, a key component of this training includes the development of plans, strategies and the development of conceptualisation of new products or services among other important areas of running the family hotel business. These specific areas are being pick to emphasize the important role of business plans in the small enterprise. This research further indicate the need to develop strategic plans, both as a competitive strategy and advantage for the small family hotels. Growth and future sustainability are indicated to be the likely outcomes when strategic plans are created and then implemented. Meanwhile, Agyapong and Boamah (2013) conduct in their research the effects of business strategies and leadership in family businesses. Family hotel businesses in Ghana were the focus of this study, covering 50 small hotels in the country. The vital findings relevant to this paper is that the use of strategies, which may be provided by business plans, offer the family business the ability to predict problems, to vision the future, and to maintain flexibility. The business environment in Ghana was described to be highly competitive, and thus, the need for well-thought of strategies enable good business performance to survive in a competitive market situation. Furthermore, the unique characteristics of family businesses can be apply in implementing particular business conditions such as cost leadership and differentiation strategies (Agyapong Boamah, 2013, p. 537). In the case of Ghanas family hotel businesses, competitive strategies were purposeful to provide the assertion of survival of the 50 small hotels. Hence, the advantage of the business plan is to help the family business to be competitive in its formation. Another advantage implied in the studies is that the business plan could help support the inherent characteristics of small family businesses. Considering the scope of these two studies and similar competitive situations, those research indicate a broad-applicable situation for small family-run hotels. Alternative studies illustrate the importance of business plans for entrepreneurs in general. Brinckmann, Grichnik and Kapsa (2010, p. 24) cleverly stated in the title of their study Should entrepreneurs plan or just storm the castle? the quote of whether to create a business plan or not. This analysis study specified that planning is beneficial, although that factors such as culture and the newness of the enterprise affect the planning-performance relationship. Relevant to this, the newness of the enterprise may not be a concern for Rebeccas case, since the business has existed during her parents time. Culture appears to be a critical factor as to refer to the norms, values, and relationships within the family. Since this is identified to affect the planning-performance relationship, the guarantee of success for Rebeccas family business is yet to be determined. Besides, another research, Zahrani, Nikmaram and Latifi (2014, p.245) specified the need for developing a strategic plan, which is especially useful for succession planning. It is important for the successor to have the right outlook about the business plans. Furthermore, according to Aronoff and Ward (2014, p. 2), shared opinion help conquer conflicts within the family organizations. It is believed that since visions are reflections of values, shared visions should also result in more unify outcomes for a family business. Visions and values can be clarify when they are justify out rather than assumed. Identifying and specifying them in a business plan should help in making decisions which link to the family expectations. Conclusion Successions in family-run businesses present potential problems. This is further complicated by the inherent features of family-operated enterprises since they lack planning and is characterized by informality which results in inconsistencies, conflict, and lack of control. Research has provided evidence based on the need to develop strategic plans to ensure the future performance of the business. The planning-performance link support needs for business plans as a family-oriented business culture is identified a plausible barrier to the business success. Business plans offer the business successor a means of continuing the business with the appropriate business outlook one that reflects family vision and values. Furthermore, business plans provide a means for avoiding the consequences arising from the inherited nature of family-run enterprises. Studies specific to the hotel industry have also identified that competitive market environments can be survived by developing strategic pla ns. Presented with the benefits of developing strategies and the analysis of Rebeccas situation, Rebecca should be convinced that a means for her successful succession of the family-run hotel is through the development of a business plan. References Agyapong, A. and Boamah, R. (2013). Business strategies and competitive advantage of family hotel businesses in Ghana: The role of strategic leadership. The Journal of Applied Business Research. Volume 29. Number 2. Accessed at: cluteinstitute.com. (Accessed 15 March 2017). Aronoff, C. and Ward, J. (2016). Family business values: How to assure a legacy of continuity and success. New York: Palgrave and MacMillan. Dalpiaz, E., Tracey, P. and Phillips, N. (2014). Succession narratives in family business: The case of Alessi. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. Accessed at: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/245758/ETP%20Revision%20Final.pdf?sequence=1isAllowed=y. (Accessed 14 March 2017). Foss, Foss, and Klein, (2006). Original and derived judgment: An entrepreneurial theory of economic organization. Organization Studies. Accessed at: https://brage.bibsys.no/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/164282/soldp200601.pdf?sequence=1isAllowed=y. (Accessed 15 March 2017). Guinipero, L., Denslow, D., and Melton, H. (2008). Risk propensity, risk perception and business plan formalization: a conceptual investigation. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management. Volume 8. Issue 4. Accessed at: http://www.inderscienceonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1504/IJEIM.2008.022312. (Accessed 16 March 2017). Honig, B. and Karlson, T. (2004). Institutional forces and the written business plan. Journal of Management. Vol. 30. Issue 1. 29 48. Accessed at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Benson_Honig/publication/228264253_Institutional_Forces_and_the_Written_Business_Plan/links/54ae9e6a0cf21670b35862b8.pdf. (Accessed 17 March 2017). Peters, M. and Buhalis, D. (2004). Family hotel businesses: Strategic planning and the need for education and training. Department of Strategy and Tourism Management. Center for Tourism and Service Economics. University of Innsbruck. Accessed at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/1109/1/fulltext.pdf. (Accessed 14 March 2017). Sull, (2004). Disciplined entrepreneurship. MIT Sloan Management Review. Accessed at http://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/disciplined-entrepreneurship/. (Accessed 15 March 2017). Wu, N., Bacon, N. and Hoque, K. (2014). The adoption of high performance work practices in small businesses: the influence of markets, business characteristics and HR expertise. The International Journal of Human Resource Management. Accessed at: http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/26446/1/3876_Wu.pdf. (Accessed 16 March 2017). Zahrani, M. Nikmaram, S. and Latifi, M. (2014). Impact of family business characteristics on succession planning: A case study in Tehran industrial towns. Iranian Journal of Management Studies. Vol. 7. No. 2. 243- 257. Accessed at: https://ijms.ut.ac.ir/article_36616_8ced89c13f3bb574ef88de90a9581858.pdf. (Accessed 14 March 2017).

Analysis of Hamlet by William Shakespeare :: William Shakespeare Plays Hamlet Essays

Analysis of Hamlet by William Shakespeare The play begins on the outer ramparts of Elsinore castle. It is late and Francisco, a guard, is on duty waiting for Bernardo to relieve him from his watch. Francisco is nervous because the previous two nights he and Bernardo have seen a figure who appears to be the ghost of the recently deceased king wandering around. Bernardo approaches, accompanied by Horatio (Hamlet's only friend and confident). Even though Horatio dismisses the idea of a ghost, the guards start to retell the previous nights' encounters. As the guards begin, the ghost appears before them- much to Horatio's surprise. The guards urge Horatio to speak with the ghost. Because Horatio is a student, they feel he should be able to communicate with the ghost, and their previous attempts to talk with it have failed. Horatio's attempts also fail. The scene ends with Horatio stating that he will go and inform his friend Hamlet of these incredible events.Text: Act I, Scene i Act I, Scene ii: This scene opens in contrast to the first scene. The first scene takes place on the dark, cold isolated ramparts; this scene begins in a brightly lit court, with the new king, Claudius, celebrating his recent wedding to his new wife, Gertrude. Everyone in the court appears happy and joyful, except one character who is sitting off to the side. He is dressed in black, the colour of mourning, and does not like what he sees. The lone figure is Hamlet, the main character of the play. He is wearing black because it has been only two months since his father, Hamlet senior the ghost on the battlements, died and he still is mourning his father's death. To further upset Hamlet, Claudius' new bride is Hamlet's mother, Gertrude. Hamlet is upset because his mother married Claudius so soon after becoming a widow. To add to all the injustices Hamlet is feeling at this time, Claudius is also related to Hamlet. Hamlet's uncle is now his step-father and Gertrude's brother-in-law is now her husband. Claudius conducts several pieces of business during the beginning of this scene. He first tries to take measures to prevent a war with Norway, then discusses Laertes' request to leave court and go back to school. Claudius agrees with Polonius, Laertes' father, that Laertes' plan of going back to school is a good one. He gives Laertes permission to go. This familial scene brings Claudius' mind to Hamlet.

Exploring Schizophrenia Essay example -- Research Paper Mental Disorde

Exploring Schizophrenia "Schizophrenia is a cruel disease. The lives of those affected are often chronicles of constricted experiences, muted emotions, missed opportunities, unfulfilled expectations. It leads to a twilight existence, a twentieth-century underground man...It is in fact the single biggest blemish on the face of contemporary American medicine and social services; when the social history of our era is written, the plight of persons with schizophrenia will be recorded as having been a national scandal." E. Fuller Torrey, M.D., Surviving Schizophrenia I personally don't know anyone with schizophrenia, or at least I don't think I do. Perhaps I don't realize that my neighbor is walking through life with a secret, like the homosexual who, afraid of society's unfounded prejudice, confusion, and doubts over issues not talked about, remains silent. For this reason, my interest in schizophrenia developed: not because I have been affected by the disorder in a direct (or even indirect) way, but precisely because I haven't. I haven't because mental disorders are not something discussed over coffee. In our society schizophrenia isn't everybody's problem, and so most are content not to think – and consequently not to do – anything about it. My concern with schizophrenia stemmed from the unknown; thus it was fitting that my search to discover facts about it steadily uncovered more gray areas. What are the causes of schizophrenia? No one knows for certain. The symptoms? They vary. What about treatments? They too have varied throughout history and current treatment differs from case to case. Faced with the frustration of unanswered queries, I began to wonder why I chose this topic. However, that is the nature of scienc... ...: Longman Publishers USA, 1997. Keefe, Richard & Philip Harvey. Understanding Schizophrenia. New York: The Free Press, 1994. Mortensen PB, Pedersen CB, Westergaard T, et al. "Effects of family history and place and season of birth on the risk of schizophrenia." New England Journal of Medicine 340 (1999): 603-8. O'Brien, Patrick. The Disordered Mind. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1978. Rund, Bjorn Rishovd. How do neuroleptics affect cognitive dysfunctions in schizophrenia? Nordic Journal of Psychiatry 53.2 (1999): 121-125. Stephenson, Joan. "Schizophrenia researchers striving for early detection and intervention." Journal of the American Medical Association 281.20 (05/26/99): 1877. Swartzendruber, Phil. "Mainstreaming the marginalized." Printed in The Record (April 2, 1998). http://www.goshen.edu/record/1997-98/April2-1998/mainstream.html. Exploring Schizophrenia Essay example -- Research Paper Mental Disorde Exploring Schizophrenia "Schizophrenia is a cruel disease. The lives of those affected are often chronicles of constricted experiences, muted emotions, missed opportunities, unfulfilled expectations. It leads to a twilight existence, a twentieth-century underground man...It is in fact the single biggest blemish on the face of contemporary American medicine and social services; when the social history of our era is written, the plight of persons with schizophrenia will be recorded as having been a national scandal." E. Fuller Torrey, M.D., Surviving Schizophrenia I personally don't know anyone with schizophrenia, or at least I don't think I do. Perhaps I don't realize that my neighbor is walking through life with a secret, like the homosexual who, afraid of society's unfounded prejudice, confusion, and doubts over issues not talked about, remains silent. For this reason, my interest in schizophrenia developed: not because I have been affected by the disorder in a direct (or even indirect) way, but precisely because I haven't. I haven't because mental disorders are not something discussed over coffee. In our society schizophrenia isn't everybody's problem, and so most are content not to think – and consequently not to do – anything about it. My concern with schizophrenia stemmed from the unknown; thus it was fitting that my search to discover facts about it steadily uncovered more gray areas. What are the causes of schizophrenia? No one knows for certain. The symptoms? They vary. What about treatments? They too have varied throughout history and current treatment differs from case to case. Faced with the frustration of unanswered queries, I began to wonder why I chose this topic. However, that is the nature of scienc... ...: Longman Publishers USA, 1997. Keefe, Richard & Philip Harvey. Understanding Schizophrenia. New York: The Free Press, 1994. Mortensen PB, Pedersen CB, Westergaard T, et al. "Effects of family history and place and season of birth on the risk of schizophrenia." New England Journal of Medicine 340 (1999): 603-8. O'Brien, Patrick. The Disordered Mind. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1978. Rund, Bjorn Rishovd. How do neuroleptics affect cognitive dysfunctions in schizophrenia? Nordic Journal of Psychiatry 53.2 (1999): 121-125. Stephenson, Joan. "Schizophrenia researchers striving for early detection and intervention." Journal of the American Medical Association 281.20 (05/26/99): 1877. Swartzendruber, Phil. "Mainstreaming the marginalized." Printed in The Record (April 2, 1998). http://www.goshen.edu/record/1997-98/April2-1998/mainstream.html.

A Man Named Dave Essay

A Man Named Dave, by Dave Pelzer is the story of hope and eventual love and how a child called â€Å"It† finally found himself as a man free at last, after early childhood experiences as the son of a brutal, alcoholic mother. When his father is dying of cancer, Dave attempts to reestablish contact with him, he spends innumerable hours with his father, trying to disentangle in his mind the broken family relationships. Much later, after his mother’s death, Dave realizes that his mother’s maniac actions were picked up from her own childhood experiences. Having rushed into marriage Dave enjoys the son that was born, and is determined that his child will never know the disapproval he felt as the child called â€Å"It. † I find Dave Pel . . . zer admirable because he demonstrates remarkable qualities, such as independence, determination, and courage- quality’s I would like to strengthen in myself. After a horrible childhood, he strives for the best he can do all by himself, not depending on others to help him. One day you’ll see, I’m going to make something of myself. He becomes an in-flight fueling technician for the Air Force, a highly regarded job. Dave has displayed a lot of courage, being fearless and brave, in his trilogy; courage to survive, courage to make it on his own and various others. With his determination to succeed from his setbacks, and gain power from his calamity’s Dave is the man he is today. Independence means to me being able to make it on your own, and not having to depend on others. Another display of his independence (is his desire to be standing on his own two feet) when he gave to his mother his statement to be independent â€Å"All those years you tried your best to break me, and I’m still here. Another is being able to go back to his father who deserted him when Dave needed his father most. His courage to be able to deal with his past, and start a new life is one good example of his courage. Dave’s father didn’t protect Dave from his mother. But his wonderful trait of determination, which is never giving up and going for your goals and not quitting until you’ve achieved it, pulls him past these obstacles in his journey for recognition. Dave Pelzer strongly demonstrates independence in A Man Named Dave, and his life. Dave demonstrates independence by being capable of starting over a new life on his own.

Conceptualizing in Business Essay

A solid strategic analysis is beneficial to shareholders, employees, customers, and decisions makers within a company. The core of an effective strategic plan contains a well-thought and informative mission statement. Using the brand of Mexican Food Express as a benchmark, a mission statement has been developed to differentiate the company’s products from the competition. In addition, the vision statement as plays an important role in communicating the ultimate goal of the company’s strategic decisions. A driving force behind the mission and vision is the company’s values and ethical principles, which often dictate the choices made during strategic planning. When it is fully implemented, the strategic plan will allow Mexican Food Express to gain a strategic advantage over its established competitors. Mission Statement By delivering uniquely flavored Mexican style food at budget prices, Mexican Food Express seeks to establish an international presence over the next 5 years. The current international fast food markets in Asia, South America, and Africa are dominated by American style fast food with leaves considerable opportunity for competing styles of cuisine. Mexican Food Express will use an aggressive marketing plan and develop a supply chain network that will enable rapid growth in overseas markets. Newly established restaurants will be able to supply local communities with quality meals at competitive prices while simultaneously creating value for shareholders. Vision Statement Mexican Food Express will grow into the largest fast food provider of Mexican style cuisine in emerging markets. The brand will have an established presence in Asia, South America, and Africa with restaurant locations being found within the top 25 major cities on these continents. By saturating the world’s most populous metropolitan cities, Mexican Food Express will be the most recognizable Mexican food brand in the world. Guiding Principles, Values, and Culture Mexican Food Express has several important ethical principles that influence major decisions in the strategic planning process. First, the company is concern about making quality food available to the lowest income groups. Therefor, it is important to keep a wide selection of low cost food products available on the menu. This becomes an especially important consideration as we expand in markets that experience high levels of poverty. Second, the company is committed to delivering exceptional customer service to its patrons. Customer loyalty is a driving factor towards the long-term success of the brand. Failing to deliver exceptional customer service could seriously hinder the ability to grow into new markets. In order for employees to express Mexican Food Express’s guiding principles, it is essential to create a corporate culture that that reflects these principles. Providing ample opportunity for advancement within management hierarchy and the ability to participate in supplemental training will keep employee motivation high. As a result, employees will be eager to follow the ethical values set forth in the strategic plan. It is likely that the company will need to make slight modifications to organization culture to meet the preferences of various world cultures. Impact on Strategic Direction The mission, vision, and values of Mexican Food Express serve as the foundation for strategic decision making while the company gears up for expansion. When an unexpected variable causes a change in direction, the company will continue to use its mission as a guide for future choices. The primary mission is always to maximize shareholder profits, but the values determine the approach thee company will take to achieve this goal. Overall, this will help the company build a corporate culture in these new markets that gains the respect of the locals. If the company is considered to be helping the local community, the chances of creating an effective strategic plan are highly unlikely. Addressing Customer Needs Expanding into emerging markets presents a unique challenge to address  customer’s needs. Every country exhibits its own unique culture and it is essential to pander to the preferences of each individual culture. A system that works in the United States is not likely to see the same level of success in Bangladesh, unless serious modifications are made to the business model. To overcome this challenge, the company will conduct independent research and use paid consultants to determine how to tailor the brand’s image for success in vastly different cultures. As time progresses, the company will be able to assess strengths and weaknesses by testing different models in each regional area. Gaining insightful knowledge about each country’s cultural preferences will allow the company to attain a competitive advantage. References Pearce, J. A. II, & Robinson, R. B. (2009). Strategic management: Formulation, implementation, and control(11th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Thompson, A. A., Gamble, J. E., & Strickland, A. J. (2006). Strategy: Winning in the marketplace: Core concepts, analytical tools, cases (2nd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.